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Archives in Brief 91 - 20th century child and youth migration
Top of Archives in Brief 91 - 20th century child and youth migration Background to child and youth migration

Child migrants were school age children in care institutions in the United Kingdom. They were usually from eight to thirteen years of age on arrival, although some were younger. Youth migrants were usually young men aged 15-19 years of age who had left school and had made their own decision to migrate.

Before World War II child migration schemes provided farm training for boys and domestic skills for girls. Post-World War II emphasis was placed on increasing Australia's population. Prior to 1946 child migration was administered largely by the State governments. The first youth migrants to New South Wales were the Dreadnought Boys, aged 16-19 years, brought out by the Dreadnought Trust in 1911 under an agreement with the New South Wales Government.

The main care agencies involved in child migration were Barnados, Fairbridge, Catholic Church agencies and some Protestant Churches. The Big Brother Movement encouraged youth migration. Child and youth migration to New South Wales ceased in 1967.

Top of Archives in Brief 91 - 20th century child and youth migration Brief chronology of child and youth migration

YearEvent

1911

First Dreadnought Boys brought out by the Dreadnought Trust (April 1911)

1923

First Barnado's child migrants sent to New South Wales

1925

Big Brother Movement (Sydney) founded by Sir Richard Linton

1930

Barnado's children sent to Mowbray Park, Picton, New South Wales

1937

Fairbridge Farm school at Molong established. Migration under the Big Brother Movement and the Dreadnought Trust recommenced following the Depression

1938

First Catholic children sent to Australia

1939

Suspension of child and youth migration schemes due to WWII

1940

577 children sent to Australia as evacuees from Britain

1945

End of WWII. No ships available to send migrants to Australia for two years

1947

British child migrants sent to Australia. Big Brother Movement renewed its youth migration to Australia (1950s)

1956

British Catholic care institutions cease sending further children to Australia

1957

Few child migrants sent to Australia, some arrived under Barnado's and Fairbridge schemes

1967

Abolition of child migration from England, with last group of Barnado's children sent to Australia (by air)

1998

United Kingdom. Parliamentary Select Committee for Health into the Welfare of Former Child Migrants enquiry

2001

Australia. Parliament. Senate Community Affairs Reference Committee enquiry on child migration. Lost innocents: righting the record: report on child migration


Top of Archives in Brief 91 - 20th century child and youth migration Select list of records

Chief Secretary's Department, Immigration Division


TitleSeries

Immigration files, 1946-74 [8/2426]

NRS 1211

These files contain correspondence between Commonwealth Departments, relevant Charitable institutions and State Government Departments. The subjects dealt with are child immigration to Australia and the funding of the hostels to house them.


Department of Community Services, Licensing Branch


TitleSeries

Immigrant children's files, 1947-76 [7/2036A-2049B, 10/37264-74, 3/7829-50, 19/8455.3, 7/8652.2-8655]

NRS 14782

These files relate to young people entering the country who are under twenty-one years of age and have no parent or blood relative responsible for them in Australia. The files include medical reports, reports on the immigrant child and correspondence relating to the placement of the person in question. The files are arranged by file number.

Registers of the arrival and discharge of immigrant children, 1953-56, 1960-64 [18/1238.1]

NRS 14783

These registers record monthly arrivals and discharges of immigrant children. The arrival entries give names, ages and whether the child was nominated by an individual or sponsored by an organization. The discharge entries give name, age, type of nomination, and reason for discharge from guardianship.

Miscellaneous correspondence files relating to immigrant children, 1971-74 [18/1238.2]

NRS 14784

Two files concern correspondence with officials of the Big Brother and Dr. Barnado schemes, the former containing information about immigration regulations and procedures. The third file relates to a District Officer's investigation of a complaint by a child sponsored by the Big Brother scheme.

Files concerning the arrival of immigrant children sponsored by the Big Brother Scheme, 1965-73 [18/1238.4-1240]

NRS 14785

These files relate to the arrival of 'Little Brothers' in New South Wales. The files contain a notification from the New South Wales Immigration Division of the boys' impending arrival, giving date, flight number or ship's name, and names and ages of the boys. The results of later medical examinations are included.

Returns of employment changes made by young persons sponsored by the Fairbridge Farm Scheme, 1968-69 [18/1238.3]

NRS 14786

Weekly returns that include name; date of new employment; category of wages and home address.

Depots, homes and hostel files, 1970-73 [3/1735-37, 8/2314-15, 8/2242]

NRS 14787

These files concern applications for licenses to conduct a depot, home or hostel. Full details of facilities offered, staff and their qualifications, proposed alterations to premises, etc are included. Correspondence regarding the application and correspondence from the individuals concerned is also included.

Immigrant children's index, n.d. [19/14974-77]

NRS 14789

This index, arranged alphabetically, records the name of the child, place and date of birth, religion, date and means of arrival in Australia, sponsor, details of parents, and particulars of placements and movements.

Immigration nomination (Minor "E") files, 1962-76 [10/37275-76, 7/2050A-20654B, 3/7778-7828, 19/8455.2, 7/8651-8652.1]

NRS 14790

These files relate to the nomination of immigrants, who are under 21 years of age, by sponsors who were resident in New South Wales. The files refer to such matters as the accommodation provided by the sponsor and the general welfare of the immigrant after arrival.


Industrial Relations, Migration Branch


TitleSeries

Dreadnought contribution register, 1922-24 [X1911]

NRS 5543

A register of moneys paid to the Department and moneys paid out on account of Dreadnought migrants. The register shows surname; Christian names; moneys paid to the Department — private moneys, repayments of loan, and Trustees' contributions; moneys paid out by the Department — private moneys, and repaid to Federal Department on account of loan for passage, and for training farm; and remarks.


Industrial Relations


TitleSeries

Photographs of Scheyville Training Farm, c. 1926-23 Jun 1946

NRS 5529

The photographs show views of the Training Farm, interiors and exteriors of buildings, an architect's perspective sketch dated 1928 and farm workers engaged in agricultural and livestock related activities. Images are accessible through Photo Investigator.


Top of Archives in Brief 91 - 20th century child and youth migration Access

Records of the Department of Community Services

The Department of Community Services controls most New South Wales records relating to child and youth migrants. Records showing names and details of individual persons and families are CLOSED TO PUBLIC ACCESS for 70 years. All requests for information should be directed to the following address:

Department of Community Services
164-174 Liverpool Road
Ashfield NSW 2131
Telephone: (02) 9716 2668
Top of Archives in Brief 91 - 20th century child and youth migration Support Groups

There are several support groups for child and youth migrants, both in the United Kingdom and in Australia.

Child Migrants Trust
228 Canning Street
North Carlton VIC 3054
Telephone: (03) 9347 7403
Child Migrants Trust
28A Musters Road
West Bridgford
Nottingham NG2 7PL
Telephone: 0115 982 2811
Fax: 0115 981 7168
Web: www.childmigrantstrust.com
Dreadnought Association
14 Kruseana Avenue
Goonellabah NSW 2480
Contact: Mrs N J Wyndham
Care Leavers of Australia Network (CLAN)
PO Box 164
Georges Hall NSW 2198
Email: careleavers@hotmail.com Web: www.clan.org.au
Top of Archives in Brief 91 - 20th century child and youth migration Information for former British child migrants: UK Department of Health

The UK Department of Health website provides contact details for tracing former British child migrants, support groups and the various measures that have been set up to assist people.

Researchers can also email the Department at childmigrants@doh.gsi.gov.uk

(October 2004).

Top of Archives in Brief 91 - 20th century child and youth migration Further Reading

There are a number of useful publications on child and youth migration.

Council of Australasian Archives and Records Authorities, Child Migrants: Accessing records held by Commonwealth and State Archives (online), URL of website http://www.caara.org.au/Publications/child_migrants.htm (cited December 2004)

Parliament of Australia. Senate. Lost innocents: righting the record: report on child migration. Commonwealth of Australia, 2001. PDF available online at http://www.aph.gov.au/SENATE/COMMITTEE/CLAC_CTTE/completed_inquiries/1999-02/CHILD_MIGRAT/report/index.htm (cited January 2005)

Barry Coldrey. Good British stock: child and youth migration to Australia. Canberra: National Archives of Australia, 1999. Available online at www./naa.gov.au/.

Kristy Thinee and Tracy Bradford. Connecting kin: guide to records: a guide to help people separated from their families search for their records. [Sydney]: New South Wales Dept of Community Services, 1998. [includes records held by both government and private institutions]

Ann Howard. C'mon over: the phenomenon of child migration from Tilbury to Sydney from 1921-1965. Dangar Island, NSW: Tarka Publishing, 2002. [Barnado Scheme]

Philip Bean and Joy Melville. Lost children of the empire. Sydney: Unwin Hyman, 1989.

Olwen King (compiler and editor), They passed this way: stories of the Dreadnought boys. [Alstonville, NSW?]: Dreadnought Association, Far North Coast, c1998.

© State of New South Wales through the State Records Authority, 2003.
This work may be freely reproduced and distributed for most purposes, however some restrictions apply. See our copyright notice or contact us.

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