Definitions and annotated bibliography (Guideline 22)
Definitions | Annotated Bibliography
Definitions
Note: State Records NSW has produced a Glossary of recordkeeping terms as part of the Government recordkeeping manual. The definitions below are for highly used and more specific terms appearing in these guidelines.
| Term: | Definition: |
|---|---|
| AONS | Automated Obsolescence Notification System, a tool which periodically analyses digital repositories and determine whether any digital objects within them are in danger of becoming obsolete. |
| CAD | Computer Aided Design, software used to develop engineering and technical design documents. |
| Checksum | A fixed size datum computed from a block of digital data for the purpose of detecting accidental errors that may have been made during data transmission or storage. The integrity of the data can be checked at a later time by recomputing the checksum and comparing it with the stored one. If the checksums do not match the data has been altered. [44] |
| Compression | A way of encoding a file's data more concisely or efficiently by squeezing or squashing the file. See also lossy compression and lossless compression. |
| Digital records | 'Born digital' records such as emails, web pages or database records, plus scanned versions of paper records that have been digitised in business processes. |
| EDRMS | Electronic document and records management system |
| FLAC | Free Lossless Audio Codec, a free, open source codec for lossless audio compression and decompression. |
| GIF | Graphics Interchange Format, a bitmapped image format. |
| GIS | Geographical Information System, a system to capture, store, analyse, manage and present data that refers to, or is linked to, a location. [45] |
| HTML | Hypertext Markup Language, a predominant markup language for web pages. |
| InterPARES | International Research on Permanent Authentic Records in Electronic Systems |
| JFIF | A commonly used standard method of compression for photographic images. Also known as JPEG. |
| JPEG | A commonly used standard method of compression for photographic images. Also known as JFIF. |
| Lossless compression | A method of compression using redundancy reduction techniques to find patterns and repetitions in the image data and express these more efficiently. |
| Lossy compression |
A method of compression using some redundancy reduction techniques combined with irrelevancy reduction techniques which aim to remove or alter information that makes little or no difference to the user’s perception of the image. In extreme cases lossy compression can compromise the quality of the image. Lossy compressions transform and simplify the image information in a way that gives much larger reductions in file size than lossless compressions but the information, once disposed of, is irretrievable. |
| MPEG | A video and audio compression standard produced by the Moving Pictures Experts Group. |
| ODF | An open, XML based document file format for office applications that create and edit documents containing text, spreadsheets, charts and graphical elements. [46] |
| Open source software | A program in which the source code is available to the general public for use and/or modification from its original design free of charge. [47] |
| Portable Document Format, a proprietary but open standard file format for representing two dimensional documents. | |
| PDF/A-1 | Portable Document Format / Archival 1. This standard defines a format for the long-term archiving of electronic documents and is based on the PDF standard. |
| PNG | Portable Network Graphics, a bit-mapped open source image format that employs lossless data compression. |
| PRONOM | An online registry of technical information which gives advice regarding file formats, software products and other technical components required to support long term access to digital records. |
| RAID | Redundant Array of Independent Disks is an umbrella term for computer data storage schemes that combine two or more physical hard disks into a single logical unit by using either special hardware or software. |
| Recordkeeping metadata | Data that describes the context, content and structure of records and their management through time. [48] |
| State archive | A State record that the State Records Authority of New South Wales has control of under the State Records Act 1998. (State Records Act 1998 section 3(1)) |
| State record | Any record, made and kept, or received and kept, by any person in the course of the exercise of official functions in a public office, or for any purpose of a public office, or for the use of a public office. (State Records Act 1998 section 3(1)) |
| Temporary value records | Records with no archival value that are destroyed after approved retention periods. |
| TIFF | A file format mainly used for storing images, including photographs. |
| Xena | XML Electronic Normalising of Archives. This is the National Archives of Australia's software for converting digital records from their original format into preservation formats. XENA, and the plugin architecture being developed for it are available as open source software. The National Archives has also developed open source software for recording the digital preservation process (Digital Preservation Recorder or DPR) and for providing access to digital archives (Quest). |
| XHTML | EXtensible Hypertext Markup Language, a version of HTML that conforms to the XML syntax and therefore allows automated processing to be performed using standard XML tools. |
| XML | EXtensible Markup Language, a specification developed by the W3C. XML is a pared-down version of SGML, designed especially for Web documents. It allows designers to create their own customized tags, enabling the definition, transmission, validation, and interpretation of data between applications and between organisations. [49] |
[44] Definition from Wikipedia, viewed December 2008, <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Checksum>.
[45] Definition from Wikipedia, viewed December 2008, <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geographic_information_system>.
[46] OASIS ODF Adoption Technical Committee, Open by design: the advantages of the OpenDocument format (ODF), an OASIS white paper, December 2006.
[47] Definition from Webopedia, viewed December 2008, <http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/o/open_source.htmlb>.
[48] AS ISO 15489-2002 Records management, Part 1 Clause 3.12.
[49] Definition from Webopedia, viewed December 2008, <http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/X/XML.html>.
Annotated bibliography
Note: This bibliography lists the sources cited in the guideline. It also identifies a range of other texts that provide useful information on the preservation issues covered by the guideline.
ARMA International, ANSI/ARMA 16-2007, The digital records conversion process: Program planning, requirements, procedures. No online reference. A US national standard that outlines high level requirements and recommended procedures for record conversion (migration) operations.
Australian Partnership for Sustainable Repositories, Automated obsolescence notification system (AONS), viewed December 2008, <http//:www.apsr.edu.au/aons>. Explains the project to develop a system which periodically analyses digital repositories and determine whether any digital objects within them are in danger of becoming obsolescent.
Australian Standard AS ISO 15489-2002, Records management. The Australian Standard governing records management practices. Part 1 provides a high level framework for recordkeeping. Part 2 provides more practical and detailed guidance about how to implement the framework in Part 1.
Australian Standard AS ISO 18492-2006, Long-term preservation of electronic document-based information. The objective of this standard is to provide guidance on establishing processes and policies to facilitate long term storage of digital records.
Australian Standard AS ISO 19005-2006, Document management – electronic document file format for long-term preservation – Part 1: Use of PDF 1.4 (PDF/A-1). This standard defines the file format based on PDF, known as PDF/A.
Australian Standard AS ISO 23081-2006, Information and documentation – records management processes – metadata for records. Part 1 of this standard outlines the principles that govern the creation, management and use of recordkeeping metadata. Part 2 contains practical guidance for developing tailored metadata schemas and covers issues associated with the implementation and management of metadata.
Curtis, J, P Koerbin, P Raftos, D Berriman & J Hunter, ‘AONS – an obsolescence notification service for web archives and digital repositories’, New Review of Hypermedia and Multimedia, vol. 13/1, January 2007, pp.39-53, viewed June 2008, <http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/content~content=a780448483~db=all~order=page>. Describes how AONS can be configured to automatically monitor collections for format obsolescence and streamline the subsequent migration of 'at risk' digital objects to current recommended formats, enabling their long-term preservation and accessibility.
Digital Preservation Coalition, Technology watch report: preserving geospatial data, DPC Technology Watch Series Report 09-01, May 2009, viewed September 2009, <http://www.dpconline.org/docs/reports/dptw09-01.pdf>. Designed for repository managers and archivists who need to preserve and manage geospatial data but do not have a background in geospatial science. The report provides an advanced introduction to geospatial data management and it supports efforts to ensure these valuable and complex data sets can be preserved.
Digital Preservation Testbed, From digital volatility to digital permanence, Part 1, Preserving databases, The Hague, December 2003, viewed June 2008, < http://www.digitaleduurzaamheid.nl/bibliotheek/docs/volatility-permanence-databases-en.pdf>. Focuses on databases and their authenticity requirements, assesses worldwide preservation strategies in relation to the preservation of databases and the most promising method emerging from the Testbed research. Includes a plan of action for target groups: Managers, records managers, ICT specialists and end users.
Digital Preservation Testbed, From digital volatility to digital permanence, Part 2, Preserving spreadsheets, The Hague, November 2003, viewed June 2008 < http://www.digitaleduurzaamheid.nl/bibliotheek/docs/volatility-permanence-spreadsh-en.pdf>. Focuses on spreadsheets and their authenticity requirements, assesses worldwide preservation strategies in relation to the preservation of spreadsheets and the most promising method emerging from the Testbed research. Includes a plan of action for target groups: Managers, records managers, ICT specialists and end users.
Digital Preservation Testbed, From digital volatility to digital permanence, Part 3, Preserving text documents, The Hague, December 2003, viewed June 2008, < http://www.digitaleduurzaamheid.nl/bibliotheek/docs/volatility-permanence-textdocs-en.pdf>. Focuses on text documents and their authenticity requirements, assesses worldwide preservation strategies in relation to the preservation of text documents, and the most promising method emerging from the Testbed research. Includes a plan of action for target groups: Managers, records managers, ICT specialists and end users.
Digital Preservation Testbed, From digital volatility to digital permanence, Part 4, Preserving email, The Hague, December 2003, viewed June 2008, < http://www.digitaleduurzaamheid.nl/bibliotheek/docs/volatility-permanence-email-en.pdf>. Focuses on email and its authenticity requirements, assesses worldwide preservation strategies in relation to email preservation, and the most promising method emerging from the Testbed research. Includes a plan of action for target groups: Managers, records managers, ICT specialists and end users.
Digital Preservation Testbed, Functional requirements for a preservation system, The Hague, n.d., viewed June 2008, <http://www.digitaleduurzaamheid.nl/bibliotheek/docs/Technical_and_Functional_Requirements.pdf>. Discusses the functional requirements for a preservation system to implement the recommendations of the Testbed project regarding databases, email, spreadsheets and text documents.
Duranti, L & R Preston, International research on permanent authentic records in electronic systems (INTERPARES) 2: experiential, interactive and dynamic records, 2008, pp.34-35, viewed June 2008, < .">.">http://www.interpares.org/display_file.cfm?doc=ip2_book_complete.pdf>. This project, carried out between 2002-06, aimed to develop a theoretical understanding of the records generated by experiential, interactive and dynamic systems. It also aimed to formulate methodologies for ensuring the records created and reliable and accurate, selecting records with longer term values, preserving selected records over time, and analysing and evaluating technologies for the implementation of these methodologies in ways that respect cultural diversity and pluralism.
Electronic Resource Preservation Access Network (ERPANET), Cost orientation tool, 2003, viewed June 2008, <http://www.erpanet.org/guidance/docs/ERPANETCostingTool.pdf>. Assists users in thinking through the costing issues involved in digital preservation.
Government Chief Information Office (GCIO) Information security guidelines, Issue 6, Sydney, Feb 2007, viewed June 2008, <http://www.gcio.nsw.gov.au/documents/Information%20Security%20Guideline%20V1.1.pdf>. Assists NSW agencies to establish and maintain an Information Security Management System.
Government Chief Information Office (GCIO) Contract 2602: GSAS information asset management systems (IAMS) software applications user guide, Sydney, 2008, viewed July 2008, < http://www.contractservices.nswp.commerce.nsw.gov.au/Home.htm>. This guide explains the panel contract for the supply of Information Asset Management Systems (IAMS) software applications associated with the Government Selected Application Systems (GSAS) for NSW Government.
Green, R. CAD standards, Part 5: Enforcement (8 August 2007) accessible via the CAD Manager column on the Cadalyst website, viewed 19 September 2008, <http://management.cadalyst.com>. This specific column contains some useful tips about encouraging users to follow the standards and procedures you employ in your systems. The other CAD Manager columns available via the Cadalyst website also contain useful advice about a diversity of topics including system implementation, standards development, benchmarking, selecting systems, implementing change, training etc. Although the columns are about CAD systems, the good advice they contain can be applied to any type of business system, including recordkeeping systems.
Hendley, T. Comparison of methods and costs of digital preservation, British Library research and innovation report 106, Yorkshire, 1998, viewed June 2008, <http://www.ukoln.ac.uk/services/elib/papers/tavistock/hendley/hendley.html>. Discusses a framework for digital preservation, a matrix for data types and categories of digital resources, a decision model for assessing the best methods of long term preservation for these resources, and a cost model for each category.
International Standard (draft) ISO/DIS 22938.2: Document management – Electronic content/document management data interchange format, 2007. No online reference. This draft standard recommends an interchange format for data contained in electronic content or document management systems.
InterPARES 1, Authenticity task force report, Vancouver, 2001, viewed June 2008, http://www.interpares.org/book/interpares_book_d_part1.pdf. Includes an in-depth discussion of the concept of authenticity and what essential characteristics should be maintained to guarantee authenticity.
InterPARES 2, Creator guidelines: making and maintaining digital materials: guidelines for individuals, Vancouver, n.d, viewed May 2008, <http://www.interpares.org/ip2/display_file.cfm?doc=ip2(pub)creator_guidelines_booklet.pdf>. Provides guidance for individuals who create digital materials to help them make informed decisions about making and maintaining the materials in a way that will ensure their preservation.
Lavoie, B & L Dempsey, ‘Thirteen Ways of Looking at….Digital Preservation’, D-Lib Magazine, vol. 10, no.7/8, July/August 2004, viewed June 2008, <URL:http://www.dlib.org/dlib/july04/lavoie/07lavoie.html>. Examines digital preservation not only as a technical issue, but also a social and cultural, economic and legal process. It raises the need for responsibilities and incentives and of articulating and organizing new forms of curatorial practice and an ongoing long-term commitment by many stakeholders.
Monash University, Create once, use many times – the clever use of metadata in eGovernment and eBusiness recordkeeping processes in networked environments: final report, August 2007, viewed July 2008, <http://www.infotech.monash.edu.au/research/groups/rcrg/crkm/docs/rpt-final.doc>. Summarises the key research findings of this important project.
National Archives of Australia, Archiving web resources: guidelines for keeping records of web-based activity in the Commonwealth Government, March 2001, viewed February 2009, <http://www.naa.gov.au/Images/archweb_guide_tcm2-903.pdf>. These guidelines are designed to help Commonwealth agencies determine and implement appropriate strategies for creating, capturing, managing and retaining records of web-based activity for as long as they are required.
National Archives of Australia, Digital preservation recorder, viewed June 2008, <http://dpr.sourceforge.net/>. Provides background information about DPR and the opportunity to download it.
National Archives of Australia, Digital preservation: illuminating the past, guiding the future, Canberra, June 2006, viewed June 2008, <http://naa.gov.au/images/xena_brochure%5B1%5D_tcm2-918.pdf>. Discusses the opportunities and risks of a digital environment and introduces the National Archives’ preservation approach using Xena software.
National Archives of Australia, Digital recordkeeping: guidelines for creating, managing and preserving digital records, Canberra, May 2004, viewed June 2008, < http://www.naa.gov.au/Images/Digital-recordkeeping-guidelines_tcm2-920.pdf>. Provides guidance to Australian Government agencies on creating, managing and preserving digital records.
National Archives of Australia, Frequently asked questions: How do I protect and handle magnetic media? Canberra, n.d, viewed June 2008, < http://www.naa.gov.au/records-management/secure-and-store/physical-preservation/faq/magnetic-tape.aspx>. Discusses types, composition and deterioration of magnetic media, and measures that can reduce deterioration including handling techniques, packaging and environmental controls, maintenance, reformatting and migration.
National Archives of Australia, Frequently asked questions: How do I protect and handle optical disks? Canberra, n.d, viewed June 2008, <http://www.naa.gov.au/records-management/secure-and-store/physical-preservation/faq/optical-disks.aspx>. Discusses types, composition and deterioration of optical disks, and measures that can reduce deterioration including handling techniques, packaging and environmental controls, reformatting and migration.
National Archives of Australia, Green paper: an approach to the preservation of digital records, Canberra, December 2002, viewed June 2008, <http://naa.gov.au/Images/An-approach-Green-Paper_tcm2-888.pdf>. Outlines the National Archives’ approach to digital preservation. Includes a discussion of the problems of digital preservation, other approaches and the concept of the ‘essence’ of a record.
National Archives of Australia, Xena digital preservation software, viewed June 2008, <http://xena.sourceforge.net>. Provides background and licensing information about Xena and the opportunity to download it.
National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Frequently asked questions (FAQs) about transferring permanent records in PDF/A-1 to NARA, College Park, n.d., viewed June 2008, <http://www.archives.gov/records-mgmt/initiatives/pdf-faq.html>. Discusses the PDF/A-1 format, points to consider when using this format for preservation and NARA’s instructions regarding transfer of this format.
The National Archives (United Kingdom), Digital preservation guidance note 1 - Selecting file formats for long-term preservation, London, June 2003, viewed June 2008, < http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/documents/selecting-file-formats.pdf>. Provides guidance on general issues that should be considered by records creators and managers when selecting file formats for use.
The National Archives (United Kingdom), Digital preservation guidance note 2 - Selecting storage media for long-term preservation, London, June 2003, viewed June 2008, < http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/documents/selecting_storage_media.pdf>. Provides guidance on general issues that should be considered by records creators and managers when selecting physical storage media for long term preservation. Includes a Media Selection Scorecard to help evaluate the durability and effectiveness of different storage media.
The National Archives (United Kingdom), Digital preservation guidance note 4 - Graphic file formats, London, July 2003, viewed June 2008, < http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/documents/graphic_file_formats.pdf>. Provides guidance on graphic file formats and issues that should be considered when selecting a format for the creation and retention of graphics.
The National Archives (United Kingdom), Digital preservation guidance note 5: Image compression, London, July 2003, viewed June 2008, <http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/documents/image_compression.pdf>. Outlines issues to be considered by records creators who are considering image compression. Designed to help record creators and managers make informed decisions about image compression.
The National Archives (United Kingdom) 'Digital continuity' brochure, London, October 2007, viewed July 2008, <http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/documents/tna-digital-continuity.pdf>. A brochure explaining need for preservation of digital records and the National Archives’ Digital Continuity Project.
The National Archives (United Kingdom) Exporting and transferring data between systems: export and import, April 2007, viewed December 2008, < http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/electronicrecords/advice/default.htm>. Provides information on the export, transfer and import of data held in electronic records management systems.
The National Archives (United Kingdom), The technical registry: PRONOM, viewed June 2008, <http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/pronom/>. An online registry of technical information which gives advice regarding file formats, software products and other technical components required to support long term access to digital records.
National Library of Australia, Preserving access to digital information (PADI) (website), viewed June 2008, <http://www.nla.gov.au/padi/index.html>. A subject gateway to international digital preservation resources.
OASIS ODF Adoption Technical Committee, Open by design: the advantage of the OpenDocument format (ODF), an OASIS white paper, December 2006, viewed May 2008, < http://www.oasis-open.org/committees/download.php/21450/oasis_odf_advantages_10dec2006.pdf>. Provides and overview and history of ODF, its benefits, and resources for users and developers.
Public Records Office of Victoria, Advice 20a: Web generated records, December 2007, viewed June 2008, <http://www.prov.vic.gov.au/records/Web_Advice/PROVRMAdvice20a.pdf>. This provides general advice to Victorian public sector agencies on the management of websites and records generated by web applications as public records.
Public Record Office of Victoria, Advice 20b: Technical issues for capturing web-generated records, February 2008, viewed February 2009, <http://www.prov.vic.gov.au/records/Web_Advice/PROVRMAdvice20b.pdf>. This provides general advice to Victorian public sector agencies on the management of websites and records generated by web applications as public records.
Research New Zealand, Report on the government recordkeeping survey 2007, viewed December 2008, <http://continuum.archives.govt.nz/files/file/Survey/2007%20Government%20Recordkeeping%20Survey%20Report.pdf>. Report of the results of a 2007 survey regarding the state of recordkeeping in New Zealand public offices.
SMANZFL, Electronic Evidence Specialist Advisory Group, Australasian guidelines for digital imaging processes, Version 2, 10 March 2004. No online reference. These guidelines aim to standardise practices of digital image processing and safeguard digital images from adverse legal criticism, while providing a framework for forensic agencies to use when drafting their own procedures relating to digital imaging.
State Records Authority of NSW, Digital preservation discussion paper, Sydney, 2007, viewed June 2008, <http://www.records.nsw.gov.au/recordkeeping/topics/digital-recordkeeping/digital-records-preservation-discussion-paper/>. Describes the challenges of digital preservation, identifies the preservation requirements of the NSW Government, evaluates existing preservation tools and proposes a digital preservation strategy for the NSW Government.
State Records Authority of NSW, General Retention and Disposal Authority 33 - Source records that have been migrated, Sydney, 2008, viewed December 2008, <http://www.records.nsw.gov.au/recordkeeping/government-recordkeeping-manual/rules/general-retention-and-disposal-authorities/source-records-that-have-been-migrated-ga-33>. Authorises the disposal of source records that have been successful migrated, subject to a number of conditions.
State Records Authority of NSW, Policy on digital records preservation, December 2007, viewed July 2008, <http://www.records.nsw.gov.au/recordkeeping/government-recordkeeping-manual/rules/policies/policy-on-digital-records-preservation>. Establishes a set of principles to underpin the NSW Government’s approach to the preservation of digital records.
State Records Authority of NSW, Records management and Web 2.0, Sydney, 2009, viewed September 2009, <http://www.records.nsw.gov.au/recordkeeping/government-recordkeeping-manual/guidance/guidelines/Guideline-24-Records-management-and-web-2.0/Records-management-and-web-2.0>. Explores the nature and uses of Web 2.0 technologies and when and how records of business conducted using Web 2.0 technologies should be kept.
State Records Authority of NSW, Recordkeeping in Brief 11: Digital imaging and recordkeeping, Sydney, revised 2007, viewed June 2008, <http://www.records.nsw.gov.au/recordkeeping/government-recordkeeping-manual/guidance/recordkeeping-in-brief/recordkeeping-in-brief-11>. Assists NSW public offices to establish and maintain imaging or digitisation systems and processes that will result in authentic, accessible and, complete image copies of records.
State Records Authority of NSW, Recordkeeping in Brief 36: Information rights management and recordkeeping, Sydney, 2004, viewed June 2008, <http://www.records.nsw.gov.au/recordkeeping/government-recordkeeping-manual/guidance/recordkeeping-in-brief/recordkeeping-in-brief-36>. Considers information rights management and the implications for recordkeeping in the NSW public sector.
State Records Authority of NSW, Recordkeeping in Brief 48: Disposal at a glance, Sydney, 2007, viewed June 2008, <http://www.records.nsw.gov.au/recordkeeping/government-recordkeeping-manual/guidance/recordkeeping-in-brief/recordkeeping-in-brief-48>. Introduction to the concept of disposal and disposal authorisation in the NSW public sector and the development and implementation of retention and disposal authorities.
State Records Authority of NSW, Recordkeeping in Brief 51: Destroying digital records, Sydney, 2008, viewed July 2008, <http://www.records.nsw.gov.au/recordkeeping/government-recordkeeping-manual/guidance/recordkeeping-in-brief/recordkeeping-in-brief-51>. Provides advice on the destruction of digital records, including the destruction of sensitive or confidential digital records.
State Records Authority of NSW, Report on the 2005 information survey on digital recordkeeping, Sydney, 2005, viewed June 2008, <http://www.records.nsw.gov.au/recordkeeping/documents/recordkeeping-surveys/2005%20Information%20Survey%20Report.pdf>. This report explains the results and implications of the 2005 survey on digital recordkeeping conducted by State Records with selected NSW public offices.
State Records Authority of NSW, Solutions for storage: Standard on the physical storage of State records, Sydney, 2004, viewed June 2008, <http://www.records.nsw.gov.au/recordkeeping/government-recordkeeping-manual/guidance/guidelines/guideline-11>. Assists NSW public offices to meet the requirement in the State Records Act 1998 to ensure the safe custody and proper preservation of State records.
State Records Authority of NSW, Standard on counter disaster strategies for records and recordkeeping systems, Sydney, 2002, viewed June 2008, <http://www.records.nsw.gov.au/recordkeeping/government-recordkeeping-manual/rules/standards/counter-disaster-strategies-for-records-and/executive-summary>. This standard seeks to ensure that physical records of NSW public offices are stored in the most cost-effective manner possible, they are protected, secure and accessible for as long as required and records of continuing value are stored in the best conditions possible.
State Records Authority of NSW, Standard on digital recordkeeping, Sydney, 2008, viewed December 2008, <http://www.records.nsw.gov.au/recordkeeping/government-recordkeeping-manual/rules/standards/digital-recordkeeping>. A standard setting out minimum compliance requirements for NSW public offices for digital recordkeeping system functionality and the creation and management of recordkeeping metadata for digital records.
State Records Authority of NSW, Strategies for documenting government business: the DIRKS manual, Sydney, 2003, viewed June 2008, <http://www.records.nsw.gov.au/recordkeeping/dirks-manual>. This Manual is concerned with building more efficient and accountable business practices through the design and encouragement of good recordkeeping. At the heart of the Manual is a best practice methodology for the design and implementation of recordkeeping systems.
Swartz, N. ‘A new ERA for NARA’, The Information Management Journal, May/June 2008, pp. 24-28. No online reference. Discusses the digital preservation strategies, particularly the Electronic Records Archives system, implemented at the US National Archives and Records Administration.
Technical Advisory Service for Images (TASI), Fact sheets, viewed June 2008, <http://www.tasi.ac.uk/>. There are fact sheets on a variety of topics regarding image management. Those viewed in the production of these guidelines include: Basic guidelines for image capture and optimisation; The camera raw file format; Choosing a file format; Copyright, data protection and other IPR; Digital preservation and storage; File formats and compression; File naming; How should you store your digital data?; Metadata: Image description, indexing and cataloguing; Search and retrieval.
University of Queensland, the Australian National University and the National Library of Australia, AONS, viewed June 2008, <http://sourceforge.net/projects/aons >. Provides background information about AONS and the opportunity to download it.
Webopedia, various references to definitions, viewed December 2008, <http://www.webopedia.com>.
Wheatley, P. ‘Migration – a CAMiLEON discussion paper’, Ariadne, Issue 29, 2 October 2001, viewed July 2008, <http://www.ariadne.ac.uk/issue29/camileon/>. Discusses issues associated with the use of migration as a long term preservation strategy.
Wikipedia, various reference to definitions, viewed December 2008, <http://en.wikipedia.org>.
